A cobporation op



A if V 'iner 106. COMPOSITIONS, Exam comma OR LAsnc '7 9 Patented May 19; 1931 Cross Reference UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE IRVING I. LA'UOKS AND GLENN DAVIDSON, OF SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, ASSIGNOBB TO I. F. LAUGKS, INCORPORATED, 015 SEATTLE, WASHINGTON, A. CORPORATION OF WASHINGIDN Vm'ETAIBLE GLUE AND METHOD MAKING SAME Io Drawing. Original application filed October 29, 1928, Serial No. 671,881. Divided and this application filed September 23, 1927. Serial Ho. 221,609.

The art of making a water-proof glue from certain protein materials has been known for some time; thus casein and blood albumin are in common use. These last mentioned compounds, however, have a number of disadvantages from a practical standoint. Casein is costly and lack of uniormity in the material as derived from various sources is a serious detriment; while blood albumin is not available except in certain situations. There is accordingly a great demand, particularly in the veneer industry where large. quantities of glue are consumed, for a new glue that will be cheap and at the same time sufliciently water-proof.

' By water-proof, in this connection, it is not meant that glues thus characterized will resist the action of water indefinitel but it is meant that they are water-proo in the sense in which the term is used in the veneer industry, viz., that a panel can be soaked in cold water for from seventy-two to one .hun-

composition of matter and the steps involved in the preparation of such composition here,- inafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims, it being understood that such disclosed ingredients and steps 55 constitute but several of the various ways in whitish the principle of the invention may be use We have found that mmgjgp constitutes an admirable raw material or our no purpose. Such flour is preferably made by grinding soya bean cake so that 80 per cent. will pass a 100 mesh screen and when treated with certain chemicals, or other modifying substances, we make therefrom a very satisc5 factory glue that meets the requirements of the veneer trade fully and is in many respects better than the usual glues now on the market. Such bean cake, as analyzed by us, is If) found to con am on e average 45 per cent. 70

rotein,'12 per cent water, 5 per cent cellufaster crude fibe r 7 'per cent oil 6 per cent dred hours, or in boiling water for eight ash, and pef cent carbohydrates.

hours, without separation.

25 Vegetable compounds have not, so far as we are aware, been heretofore satisfactorily employed as a basis for waterproof glues of the type in question. It is true that some veneer makers, on account of the hi h price so of casein, have come to use starch g ues but these, at least as hereto'foremade, are not at all water-proof and vegetable proteins have not heretofore been used at all, so far as we are aware.

We have now discovered, however, that by subjecting the same to proper treatment, such ve etable roteins or vegetable matter contaming proteins in proper amount, and for thatmatter even starch can be converted into a waterproof glue that will satisfy the rigid requirements of veneer malnng. The requisite raw material may be derived from a number of sources and the treatment of such material is relatively simple and inexpensive so that as a result we are able to produce a satisfactory glue at a much lower cost than has heretofore been possible.

To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the invention, then, consists of the combination of ingredients or from which the oil has been e is preferably used in practice Because it is e do not, howeverfwishtodimit ourselves to soya bean flour or to vegetable protein derived from this source for we have made satisfactory glue by our improved process from a low grade wheat containing approximately 10 per cent protein and there are many other vegetable materials containing protein in amounts intermediate between the rcentages thus noted as found in such soya an flour and wheat or even lower than the percentage in such wheat that may be utilized with satisfactory results.

Soya bean flour made from so a bean eggs ressed cheaper and makes a better glue, but flour made from whole so a beans, without expressing the contained 011, may also be used, although obviously this would not be economical in view of the value which attaches to such oil. As to the fineness of the flour, it

is not necessary that the meal be ground as fine as indicated above, but fineness is desirable from a practical standpoint.

When the usual chemicals employed in making casein glue, viz., lime and sodium silicate, are added to a vegetable proiem-containin material, .for example, so a heap flour, glue results, but it is not as good as 'c'asein glue. It is not as water resistant nor as workable. We however, by the use of caustic soda with such vegetable protein-containing matter, a much better glue is obtained, such caustic soda apparently playing the part of dispersing the colloidal material, The resultant glue is then somewhat similar in its working properties to casein glue, although its water resistance is still sli htly less.

Prefera 1y we react on our vegetable prote'in-containing material with both caustic soda and lime. As equivalents of such causti dsoda, caustic potash and ammonia may be used, although more expensive. Other equivalents of caustic soda are salts of soda (or otash) with weak acids, e. g. sodium 20 hos hate, sodium borate and the like.

ll l

ar y in place of lime, magpesia, barfia and strontia may be used as equlva ents.

able, may be appropriately referred .to as spreaders.

It has also been found desirable to add to the basic glue composition. produced by reacting on protein containing vegetable matter, as describedd above, othler subksfiancas which act as retar ers e. g. ca cium c ori e and sodium chloride. retarder, in this connec 1011, 1 s o stance which prevents the wet glue after mixing from too quickly setting to a jelly or otherwise thickening so that it cannot be spread. This action, however, is only important where there is to be a considerable delay in applying the glue and in the case of a few of the formula that we have used, and most of our glue mixtures have not required the addition of such a retarder.

We have also found that certain substances in presence of lime will act in the same way as the caustic soda and also render the product a very desirable consistency, e. g. sodium phos:

order to improve the working properphate, sodium erborate and'sddium sul- These s lt ties, e. g. the spreading and flow, of the glue "produced as aforesaid as well as the water resistin properties, we have found it desirable to add other substances of which the followin are examples 0 er sul hate, on rammonium comoun s, co er-caust1c soda com ounds. quivalents would be other alkali-soluble com ounds of co er.

liar-Eon bisulpEi-de, or generally sulphurcontalning compounds which in the composition with the vegetable rotein-containing matter provide sul hur er carbonic acid.

ueorac o, sumach, s ruce extract (concen1ra ted sulphite llguor These are all commonly used tanning agents. Equivalents would be ,otlier vegetable tanning a e Ores lic acid. Equivalents would be other heno s. 7

Rosin. sodium or calcium soaps of rosin. Equlvalents would be other resins or resm combinations with metals. In general, we may say that copper salts make the glue more readily workable in the mechanical preparation and application while at the same time imparting increased water resistance; that carbon bisulphide imparts increased water resistance, and the amount where used may vary with the extent of the effect desired, a small per cent. being in general suflicient; that the silicates and related compounds act as thinners in the initial mixing while at the same time increasing the water resistance and the strength of the glue; and that rosin and derivatives thereof act as thinners and make the glue more readily workable. Substances such as the foregoing, which act as a thinner, or render the glue more readily work- 1te. s are all related 1n that they are combinations of a strong base sodium with. a weak acid and there are a number of other salts that fall in the same category and which have a similar effect, so need not be listed in detail.

As examples we may cite the following typical, formulae (1) Mix 30 parts so a bean flour with 120 parts oflwater; add 3 parts 0 8 per cent caustic sfid'asfilution and mix; 5 parts carbon mare then added and stired well; to this dparts calcium hydrate are added and stirred in; then 15 parts water glass Qsodium silicate) are stitrred in; a y, a part co er sul hate to 5 parts of water and stir 1n. THIS makes the finished glue, which is then spread on panels, for exam 1e, put under pressure for several hours, w ereupon the pressure may be released.

(2) Mix 30 parts so a bean flour 5 parts rosin /2 parts c0 arsan aha P aaa Braclio together ry; add 90 parts wateg and 26 parts 18 per cent caustic sodasol'ution; stir well; add 6 parts galidfimTydfite in 15 parts watgr; then add 15 parts water gla s s, giving finished lue.

(3) MIX 30 parts soya beanfiong 5 parts of rosin 1 parts co per sul hate part sodie explained, is a sub-- lim dichromatefll parts w part cres%l1c acid, 26 pafi of 18 per cent caustic so a so u- 106. COMPOSITIONS,

COATING R PLASTIC "Z O m afiut fi pass of water and'st'lri carbon bisulphide are stirred in also 3 parts ,calcium liydrateTadd 1 part copper sulphate Similarly other oil seed flours, wheat flour, etc. may be made up.

The particular order in which the several ingredients are admixed together in the for mulae just 'ven may be varied, and it 1s not necessary t at the manufacture of the product be completed in a single continuous operation, but as a matter of practice we have found it desirable in certain cases to mix only certain of the ingredients initially and then add the others just before the glue is required for use.

It will also be understood, of course, that the foregoing formulae are typical and that many variations are actually made therein in the compounding of our improved glue. The cited formulae have under test resisted the action of water for at least 72 hours and in some instances for longer periods.

This application is a division of our application Serial No. 671,381 filed Oct. 29, 1923, Paerlit No. 11,689,;32. l

t er mo es'o a p ying the rinciple 0 our invention may bo em loyed instead of the one explained, change eing made as regards the process herein disclosed or the materials employed in carrying out such process provided the stated ingredients and steps or the equivalent of such stated ingredients or steps be employed.

We therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as our invention 1. A method of making an adhesive composition, which comprises treating a roteinous vegetable seed flour including her and other natural substances, with an aqueous alkaline medium and an alkali-soluble copper compound.

2. A method of making an adhesive composition, which comprises treatin a proteinous vegetable seed flour includin and other natural substances, with an aqueous alkaline medium and copper sulphate.

3. A method of making an adhesive composition, which comprises treating soya bean flour with an aqueous alkaline medium and an alkali-soluble copper compound.

4. A method of making an adhesiveccomposition, which comprises treating soya bean flour with an aqueous alkaline medium and copper sulphate.

5. A method of making an adhesive com position, which comprises treating a proteinous vegetable seed flour including fiber and other natural substances, with an aqueous alkaline medium, carbon bisulphide and an alkali-soluble copper compound.

6. A method of making an adhesive composition, which comprises treating a proteinous vegetable seed flour including fiber and other natural substances. with an aqueous Cross Reference alkaline medium, carbon bisulphide and copper sulphate.

7. A method of making an adhesive comsition, which comprises treating soya bean our with an aqueous alkaline medium, carbon bisulghide, and an alkali-soluble copper comoun p 8. A method of making an adhesive composition, which comprises treating soya bean flour with an aqueous alkaline medium, carbon bisulphide and copper sulphate.

9. A method of making an adhesive composition, which comprises treating soya bean flour with sodium hydroxide and copper sulphate, in the presence of water, the proportions being about thirty parts of the flour and about one to one and one-half parts of the copper sulphate.

10. A method of making an adhesive composition, which comprises treating soya bean flour with sodium hydroxide, carbon bisulphide, lime, an alkali metal salt, and copper sulphate, in the presence of water, the soya bean flour and the copper sulphate being in the proportions of about thirty parts of the flour and about one to one and one-half parts of the copper sulphate.

11. An adhesive composition, comprising a proteinous vegetable seed flour including fiber and other natural substances, treated with an aqueous alkaline medium and an al kali-soluble copper compound.

12. An adhesive composition, comprising a proteinous vegetable seed flour including fiber and other natural substances, treated with an aqueous alkaline medium and copper sul hate. I

13. adhesive composition, comprising soya bean, flour treated with an aqueous alkaline medium and an alkali-soluble copper compound.

14. An adhesive composition, comprising splya bean flour treated with an aqueous a aline medium and copper sulphate.

15. An adhesive composition, comprising a proteinous vegetable seed flour includin fiber and other natural substances, treate with an aqueous alkaline medium, carbon bisulphide and an alkali-soluble copper compoun 16. An adhesive composition, comprising a proteinous vegetable seed flour including fiber and other natural substances, treated with an aqueous alkaline medium, carbon bisulphide and copper sulphate.

17. An adhesive composition, comprising soya bean flour treated with an aqueous alkaline medium, carbon bisulphide and an alkalisoluble copper compoun 18. An adhesive composition, comprising soya bean flour treated with an aqueous alkaline medium, carbon bisulphide and copper sulphate.

19. An adhesive composition, comprising soya bean flour treated with an aqueous alka- Examiner line medium, and copper sulphate, in the proportions of about thirty arts of the flour and oneto one and one-hal parts of the copper sulphate.

20. An adhesive composition, comprising soya bean flour treated with sodium hydroxide, carbon bisulphide, lime, an alkali metal salt, and copper sulphate, in the presence of water, the proportions of the soya bean flour and copper sulphate being about thirty parts of the flour and about one to one and one-half parts of the copper sulphate.

In witness whereof, we hereunto subscribe our names this 12th day of September, 1927, and this 19 day of Sept., 1927.

IRVING F. LAUCKS. GLENN DAVIDSON. 

